The Paleoindian America

Paleoindian America :Many Glaciers covered Canada at that time , these early immigrants made their way southward on foot through a opening in the glacial sheets and by small boats along the pacific coast into what is north and central America Eventually they populated the entire hemisphere .Where ever they found that the conditions were favourable , some eventually   settled down to become farmers . For so many centuries before this , however from 11,000 to 8900 B.C , they lived as late Paleolthic hunters and gatherers during what is called Paleoindian Period . The term “Paleoindian” refers to a time 13,500 years ago (11,500 BC) at the end of the last ice age when the first traces of humans appeared in the archaeological record in North America. They encountered many species of now extinct, large terrestrial animals and hunted them with spears tipped with stone points; these animals, dubbed “megafauna” because of their larger size when compared to modern forms, included the mastodon, mammoth, horse, tapir, ground sloth, giant bison, giant beaver, giant tortoise, American lion, short-faced bear, and saber-toothed tiger. The fossilized remains of many of these now extinct animals have been found in Arkansas. Early Paleoindian stone tools have been found with the bones of many extinct mammals in many states but not yet in Arkansas.
Paleoindians lived in an environment that was dynamically changing in climate and seasonality. Temperatures were on the average much cooler, with little seasonal variation compared to the modern era. Late ice age climatic changes caused plant communities and
. Early Paleoindians had many more species available to hunt. After the ice age extinctions occurred, the largest prey animals available to middle and late Paleoindian groups in Arkansas were modern species of bison, elk, deer, and bear.

The Archaic Period :
The Archaic Period marked the extensive development of new technologies and subsistence patterns in many parts of North...