English: West Germanic Language Originating in Anglo-Saxon England

English = West Germanic Language originating in Anglo-Saxon England
lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the late 19th century onwards.
used extensively as a second language
official language in Commonwealth countries
preferred language of international organizations
o controlling airplanes, developing software, conducting international diplomacy, and business relations
lingua franca = a language systematically used to communicate between persons not sharing a mother tongue, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both persons' mother tongues.
vernacular = refers to the native language of a country or a locality. In general linguistics, it is used to describe local languages as opposed to lingua franca.
language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family.
Dialect (from the Greek word dialektos) = variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers; (a way of avoiding the terms 'language' and 'dialect' in intermediate cases)
Sociolect: a dialect that is associated with a particular social class
accent is a manner of pronunciation of a language; usually spoken by a group united by geography or social status; accents are not to be confused with dialects
standard language (also standard dialect, or standardized dialect): a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. it is usually considered to be more "correct" in some sense than other dialects.
foreign language: a language not spoken by the people of a certain place
slang: the use of highly informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's dialect or language
argot: a specific language used by various...