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"starting is the first step towards failure" - Poin_dexter

Biohko

  • Date Submitted: 04/14/2011 06:46 AM
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2006 年 3

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影響中國東南沿岸的海嘯
黃永德 陳營華 香港天文台 摘要 海嘯是發生頻率低但可以做成嚴重破壞的海洋災害,威脅全球沿岸地區,而中國東南沿 岸有可能受南海北部及台灣地區地震所引發的海嘯影響。本研究利用 1981 至 2005 年全 球海嘯及地震的記錄計算不同地震震級引發海嘯的概率,並根據中國東南沿岸及台灣和 呂宋等地區的地震活動情況、地震震源機制及可能曾引發海嘯的地震目錄,探討這些地 區發生地震而引發海嘯影響中國東南沿岸的機會。結果顯示珠江口地區發生地震引發海 嘯的機會極微;泉州至南澳一帶及海南島北部地區有可能發生地震引發地方性海嘯影響 震央附近地區,復發週期約為 210 年;台灣地區和呂宋地區地震活動頗為活躍,有可能 發生地震引發區域性海嘯影響中國東南沿岸,復發週期分別為 110 年和 120 年。

Tsunamis Affecting the Coast of Southeastern China
W T Wong and Y W Chan Hong Kong Observatory Abstract Tsunami is a high impact low probability maritime hazard that poses a threat to the coastal communities worldwide. The coast of southeastern China may be affected by tsunamis generated by earthquakes in the northern part of the South China Sea and the Taiwan region. In this study, the tsunami generation probability for different earthquake magnitudes are computed from catalogues of global tsunamis and earthquakes for 1981-2005. The likelihood of tsunamis generated by earthquakes near the coast of southeastern China, and in the Taiwan and Luzon regions to affect the coast of southeastern China will be estimated taking into account seismicity, focal mechanisms, and records of probable tsunamigenic earthquakes in these areas. The results show that the chance of tsunamis to be generated by earthquakes near the Pearl River Estuary is extremely small. Quanzhou to Nan’ao and northern Hainan may be affected by local tsunamis with a return period of about 210 years. Seismicity in Taiwan and Luzon regions is rather high where regional tsunamis may be generated to affect the coast of southeastern China with a return period of 110 and 120 years respectively.

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1. 引言 海嘯是由於大量海水受激發而產生的長波,通常由地震引起,也可能 會由海底山泥傾瀉引發,由海底火山爆發造成的機會較低,而因巨大隕石 撞擊海洋而形成的情況則極為罕有。任何存水量大的地方包括海洋、湖泊 等都有可能發生海嘯。 在各類海嘯成因中,由地震所產生的海嘯佔了所有海嘯個案的百分之 90 以上。太平洋佔了地球表面積的三分之一,週邊是主要地殼板塊的接壤 地方,分佈著海溝、火山與島弧,許多大規模地震都是在太平洋一帶發生, 所以太平洋及其鄰近海域經常產生具破壞性的巨大海嘯,例如 1960 年智利 9.5 級地震引發的海嘯,引起的傷亡及破壞遠至夏威夷和日本。 由於台灣及呂宋的屏障作用,在太平洋產生的海嘯甚少進入南海。即...

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