General Chemistry

General Chemistry/Properties and Theories of Acids and Bases
← Properties of Solutions •Titration and pH →
< General Chemistry
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← Properties of Solutions •
General Chemistry
• Titration and pH →

Book Cover • Introduction •   v • d • e

Units: Matter • Atomic Structure • Bonding • Reactions • Solutions • Phases of Matter • Equilibria • Kinetics • Thermodynamics • The Elements

Appendices: Periodic Table • Units • Constants • Equations • Reduction Potentials • Elements and their Properties

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Contents
[hide]
• 1 Acid-Base Reaction Theories
o 1.1 Arrhenius Theory
o 1.2 Brønsted-Lowry Theory
o 1.3 Lewis Theory
• 2 Amphoterism and Water
o 2.1 Ammonia
• 3 Conjugate Acids and Bases
• 4 Strong and Weak Acids/Bases
• 5 Properties of Acids and Bases
o 5.1 Indicators
o 5.2 Conductivity
o 5.3 Physical properties
o 5.4 Chemical Reactions
 5.4.1 Neutralization
 5.4.2 Acids
 5.4.3 Bases
• 6 Practice Questions
• 7 Notes

[edit] Acid-Base Reaction Theories
Acids and bases are everywhere. Some foods contain acid, like the citric acid in lemons and the lactic acid in dairy. Cleaning products like bleach and ammonia are bases. Chemicals that are acidic or basic are an important part of chemistry.
Helpful Hint!
You may need to refresh your memory on naming acids.

Several different theories explain what composes an acid and a base. The first scientific definition of an acid was proposed by the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier in the eighteenth century. He proposed that acids contained oxygen, although he did not know the dual composition of acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl). Over the years, much more accurate definitions of acids and bases have been created.
[edit] Arrhenius Theory
The Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius published his theory of acids and bases in 1887. It can be simply explained by these two points:
Arrhenius Acids and Bases
1. An acid...