Fiqha

Fiqh(Islamic Jurisprudence)
The word fiqh is an Arabic term meaning "deep understanding" or "full comprehension". Technically it refers to the body of Islamic law extracted from detailed Islamic sources (which are studied in the principles of Islamic jurisprudence) and the process of gaining knowledge of Islam through jurisprudence. The Qur'an gives clear instruction on many issues, such as how to perform the ritual purification (Arabic: wudu) before the obligatory daily prayers (Arabic: salat),.But details about certain issues cannot be derived from Quran only. For this we will have to turn to Sunnah and Hadith,Details about these issues can be found in the traditions of prophet Muhammad , so Qur'an and Sunnah are in most cases the basis for Shariah.
With regard to some topics the Qur'an and Sunnah are silent. In those cases the Muslim jurists (Arabic: Fuqaha) try to arrive at conclusions by other means. Sunni jurists use analogy (Arabic: Qiyas) and historical consensus of the community (Arabic: Ijma). The conclusions arrived at with the aid of these additional tools constitute a wider array of laws than the Sharia consists of, and is called fiqh. Thus, in contrast to the sharia, fiqh is not regarded as sacred and the schools of thought have differing views on its details, without viewing other conclusions as sacrilegious. This division of interpretation in more detailed issues has resulted in different schools of thought (Arabic: madh'hab).
This wider concept of Islamic jurisprudence is the source of a range of laws in different topics that govern the lives of the Muslims in all facets of everyday life.
.Uṣūl al-fiqh (literally: the origins/fundamentals of the law) is the study of the origins, sources, and principles upon which Islamic jurisprudence[->0] (or Fiqh) is based. In the narrow sense, it simply refers to the question of what are the sources of Islamic law[->1]. In an extended sense, it includes the study of the philosophical rationale of the law and...