ORGAN SYSTEMS - Essay

ORGAN SYSTEMS

Integumentary
A.   Functions
1.     protect underlying tissues from injury
2.     prevent excessive loss or absorption of water and the consequent effect on tissues
3.     aid excretion and absorption of specific metabolites and ions
4.     almost all sense organs are derived in part from the integument
B.    Components
skin: composed of epidermis above and the dermis below as well as the derivatives of these two layers (e.g., scales, hair, feathers)
 
Skeletal
A.   Functions
1.     provide a framework for all body sustems
2.     provide attachments for muscules, tendons, and fascia
3.     enclose and protect vital organs
4.     serve as a reserve storehouse for minerals
B.    Components
1.     bones, cartilage and ligaments divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs) and the appendicular skeleton (pectoral and pelvic girdles, limbs)
 
Muscular
A.   Functions
1.     movement of body and parts
2.     maintenance of posture
3.     internal transport and expulsion (movement of food through digestive tract, blood through vessels, germ cells through reproductive tract, bile from gallbladder, urine from kidneys, feces from alimentary canal)
4.     homeostatic adjustments such as size of opening of the pupil of the eye, the pylorus, the anus, and blood vessels; heat production in some vertebrates 
B.    Components
1.     smooth (nonstriated) muscles of involuntary control found primarily in wall of digestive tract, genital ducts, and blood vessels
2.     cardiac muscle of involuntary control restricted to the heart
3.     striated muscles generally under voluntary control found attached to the skeleton so intimately that the name "musculoskeletal system" is often applied; tendons (the connective tissue bands that bind striated muscle to bone)
 
Digestive
A.   Functions
1.     capture and physical/chemical disintegration of food
2.     absorption, detoxification, alteration, storage, and controlled...