Viruses, Rabies

Rabies
 
Epidemiology
 
 

  Rabies
 causes
 about
 55,000
 human
 deaths
 annually
 worldwide,
 95%
 of
 human
  deaths
 due
 to
 rabies
 occur
 in
 Asia
 and
 Africa.
 Roughly
 97%
 of
 human
 rabies
  cases
 result
 from
 dog
 bites.
 Mandatory
 vaccination
 of
 animals
 is
 less
 effective
  in
 rural
 areas
 so
 oral
 vaccines
 can
 be
 safely
 distributed
 in
 baits,
 a
 practice
 that
  has
 successfully
 reduced
 rabies
 in
 rural
 areas
 of
 Canada,
 France
 and
 USA.
 In
  the
 US,
 animal
 control
 and
 vaccination
 programs
 have
 effectively
 eliminated
  domestic
 dogs
 as
 being
 carriers
 of
 rabies.
 In
 several
 countries,
 such
 as
  Australia
 and
 Japan,
 rabies
 carried
 by
 animals
 has
 been
 eliminated
 entirely.
 
 
 

Cause
 (s)
 


  The
 rabies
 virus
 is
 the
 part
 of
 the
 Lyssavirus
 genus,
 in
 the
  family
 Rhabdoviridae,
 order
 Mononegavirales.
 Once
 within
 a
  muscle
 or
 nerve
 cell,
 the
 virus
 undergoes
 replication.
 The
  spikes
 on
 the
 exterior
 of
 the
 membrane
 of
 the
 virus
 interact
  with
 a
 specific
 cell
 receptor.
 The
 cellular
 membrane
 pinches
  in
 a
 procession
 known
 as
 pinocytosis
 and
 allows
 entry
 of
 the
  virus
 into
 the
 cell
 by
 way
 of
 an
 endosome.
 The
 virus
 then
  uses
 the
 acidic
 environment
 of
 that
 endosome
 and
 binds
 to
  its
 membrane,
 releasing
 its
 five
 proteins
 into
 the...