Genderequality

GENDER INEQUALITY
AT WORK

Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. Women face discrimination and oppression in almost every sphere of public and private life. Their forms may be subtle or non subtle.They face gender segregation at the workplace, they are not considered for promotions over men, a phenomenon called "glass ceiling" describes this situation. In private lives they are victim of patriarchal societies that fathoms on the subordination of women statuses and roles. The social institutions are so structuralised that women get subordinate roles than men. Institutions like family, marriage and rituals like dowry are just weapons to propagate the same. Dowry deaths, female foeticide, acid attacks, eve- teasing, molestation and rapes are some extreme forms of oppression of women.
Income disparity between genders stems from processes that determine the quality of jobs and earnings associated with jobs. Placement of men or women into particular job categories can be supported through the human capital theories of qualifications of individuals or abilities associated with biological differences in men and women. Conversely, the placement of men or women into separate job categories is argued to be caused by social status groups who desire to keep their position through the placement of those in lower statuses to lower paying positions.
The glass ceiling effect is also considered a possible contributor to the gender wage gap or income disparity. This effect suggests that gender provides significant disadvantages towards the top of job hierarchies which become worse as a person’s career goes on. The term glass ceiling implies that invisible or artificial barriers exist which prevent women from advancing within their jobs or receiving promotions. These barriers exist in spite of the achievements or qualifications of the women and still exist when other characteristics that are job-relevant such as...