Essy

DNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Translation
Purpose: to create a new polypeptide chain ( mRNA stand / protein )
Location in cell: cytoplasm, ribosome
Molecules involved: tRNA, mRNA, ribosome, amino acids

DNA - TAC GGA AGA CTA GAA ATC
mRNA - AUG CCU UCU GAU CUU UAG

Shape of DNA
- Double helix, ladder / rod shaped
- Hydrogen bonds hold DNA together

4 bases found in DNAAdenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine

- Sugar bonds and phosphate make up DNA backbone.

Complimentary Base Pairing
- Adenine will only pair with Thymine- Guanine will only pair with Cytosine

- DNA replication is semi conservative, when DNA is formed one strand in new, while the other is old. This old one was conserved so it could be used as a template.

Differences between DNA and RNA
DNA:
- Double stranded
- Thymine as nitrogen base

RNA:
- Single stranded
- Uracil is the nitrogen base- Uses ribose sugar

- The cell in the mRNA is produced in the nucleus.

Role of Each
- mRNA: carries the information to make a protein or polypeptide chain.
- tRNA: transports amino acids to the ribosome, and the anti-codons of the tRNA are complimentary ribosome.

Ribosome: creates polypeptide chain.

Transcription
- Create a new mRNA stand.
- DNA polymerase separates a DNA strand.

VIRUS AND MONERA

- Vector: something, usually an insect that transmit’s a virus.

Capsid Shapes
- icosahedrons
- rod-shaped
- glycoprotein
- filoviruses (ebda)

Virus capsid > Helps attachment to the cell membrane.

- RNA or DNA is found in every core of every virus.

- Latent viruses don’t replicate right away when they enter a cell.- Virulent viruses begin replication right when they enter host cell.
- RNA replicate in cytoplasm. DNA replicates in the nucleus and attach onto the host DNA.
- Viroids: single stands of RNA with no surrounding capsid causes disease - affecting crops.
- Prions: glycoprotein containing polypeptide causes BSE (mad cow).

- Whiteblood...