Berlin Wall - Essay

The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer) was constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), in 1961, and completely cut off the city of West Berlin, separating it from East Germany (including East Berlin). The official version promulgated by the Soviet-dominated Eastern Bloc was that the wall was erected to protect its population from fascistic   elements conspiring to prevent the will of the people in building a Socialist State. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses.

The separate and much longer Inner German border (the IGB) demarcated the border between East and West Germany. Both borders came to symbolize the Iron Curtain between Western Europe and the Eastern Bloc nations. Before the Wall's erection, 3.5 million East Germans had circumvented Eastern Bloc emigration restrictions and defected from the GDR, many by crossing over the border from East Berlin into West Berlin. From West Berlin, emigrants could travel to West Germany and other Western European countries. During its existence between 1961 and 1989, the wall prevented almost all such emigration and separated the GDR from West Berlin for more than a quarter of a century.[1] After its erection, around 5,000 people attempted to escape over the wall, with estimates of the resulting death toll varying between around 100 and 200.

The Berlin Wall was officially referred to as the "Anti-Fascist Protection Wall" (German: Antifaschistischer Schutzwall) by the communist GDR authorities, implying that neighboring West Germany had not been fully de-Nazified. The West Berlin city government sometimes referred to it as the "Wall of Shame" – a term coined by mayor Willy Brandt – while condemning the wall's restriction on freedom of movement.

In 1989, there were a radical series of Eastern Bloc political changes associated with...