Types of Land

Types of soils

Soils in India : Soil is the uppermost layer of the earth’s crust. Soil is the medium in which plants grow and thus it supports the lives on earth.

How soils are formed?

Soil is the thin layer of loose mixture of small rock parcks are also worn away by the agents of erosion like river, wind, sea and glacier. The sediments and tiny rock particles are then deposited by agents of erosion. The accumulation of such sediments over the age’s forms soil shed their leaves which decay to form the topmost layer of soil called “humus”.

India is primarily an agricultural country. The success of agriculture depends upon the fertility of soil. The soils of India are classified into the following main groups depending upon the rock cover and climatic conditions. The most two important factors that determine the types of soil found in India are: 1 the climate 2 the topography.

The soils of India on basis of their formation are divided in the following two board categories.
1Resedual soil
2Transported soil

The major soil groups are –

Black soil

Black soils are mainly found over the Deccan lava tract (Deccan trap) including Maharastra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. These soils are found in river valley of Narmada. Tapi, Godavari and Krishna. These soils have been formed due to the weathering of the lava rocks. This is also known as rich in lime. Iron, magnesia and alumina but lack in the phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter.
It is formed by the weathering of igneous rocks and the India, extensive deposits of black soil are found in the Deccan plateau which includes parts of Maharastra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, parts of Tamil nadu. In India the upper parts of Godavari and Krishna, the north western part of Deccan plateau, black soil is very deep.
Black soil is-
- Clayey, deep and Impermeable
- They swell and become sticky when wet and shrink when dried
- During dry season, these soils develop wide...