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Maritime transportation in India is managed by the Shipping Corporation of India, a government-
owned company that also manages offshore and other marine transport infrastructure in the
country.operates in practically all areas of shipping business servicing both national and international trades.

The ports are the main centres of trade. In India about 95% of the foreign trade by quantity
and 70% by value takes place through the ports.There are twelve major ports of India: Navi Mumbai, Mumbai,

                              RAILWAY TRANSPORT OF INDIA

A plan for a rail system in India was first put forward in 1832. The first rail line of the
Indian sub-continent came up near Chintadripet Bridge (presently in Chennai).Rail transport
is a commonly used mode of long-distance transportation in India. Almost all rail operations
in India are handled by a state-owned organisation, Indian Railways or Ministry of Railways.
The rail network traverses the length and breadth of the country, covering a total length
of 64,015 kilometres . It is said to be the 4th largest railway network in
the world, transporting over 6 billion passengers and over 350 million tonnes of freight
annually. Its operations cover twenty eight states and three union territories and also
provide limited service to Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
It also plans to install a rail system in southern Bhutan. A move to link the railways
of India and Sri Lanka never materialised.

Railways were introduced to India in 1832 and by the time of India's independence in
1947 they had grown to forty-two rail systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalised as
one unit—Indian Railways—to form one of the largest networks in the world. The broad gauge
is the majority and original standard gauge in India; more recent networks of metre and
narrow gauge are being replaced by broad gauge under Project Unigauge. The steam
locomotives have been replaced over the year with deisel...