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3c Properties of rocks

  * Igneous rocks are formed from the crystallization of magma.

  * Extrusive igneous rocks are fined grain rocks that cool quickly on earth’s surface.

  * Intrusive igneous rocks are coarse grained rocks the cool slowly beneath earth’s surface.

  * Main chemical/mineral composition of igneous rocks   - mix of molten rock, rock, gases, mineral crystals.

  * Sedimentary rocks are formed when weathering and erosion produce sediments

  * Most common type of sedimentary rocks = clastic sedimentary

  * Metamorphic rocks form when high temp and pressure combine to alter the texture.

3e Volcanoes

  * 3 types of volcanoes are shield volcanoes, cinder-cone volcanoes, and composite volcanoes.

  * Shield volcanoes form at the Hawaiian Islands.

  * Shield volcanoes have gently sloping sides and a circular base.

  * Shield volcanoes have basaltic lava = less explosive than other eruptions.

  * Cinder cone volcanoes have steep sides and are generally small.

  * There magma is more viscous than the shield volcanoes = more explosive.

  * Composite volcanoes are much larger than cinder cone volcanoes.

  * Composite volcanoes’ magma has large amounts of silica, water and gases.

  * Composite volcanoes eruptions are violently explosive.

  * Hot spots are unusually hot regions of earth’s mantle where high temp. Plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface.

  * Hot spots are usually formed and located far from plate boundaries.

4b Incoming solar radiation

  * While earth is absorbing solar radiation, it’s also sending energy back into space.

  * Most solar energy travels through the earth’s atmosphere in short wavelengths.

  * Much of the solar radiation passes through the atmosphere & is absorbed by earth’s surface

  * The energy radiated by earth’s surface does not go back through the atmosphere.

  * Its absorbed by the atmosphere and warms the...