Water Distribution System

CHAPTER 8 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
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Distribution system is a network of pipelines that distribute water to the consumers. They are designed to adequately satisfy the water requirement for a combination of o Domestic o Commercial o Industrial o Fire fighting purposes. A good distribution system should satisfy the followings: o Adequate water pressure at the consumer's taps for a specific rate of flow (i.e, pressures should be great enough to adequately meet consumer needs). o Pressures should be great enough to adequately meet fire fighting needs. o At the same time, pressures should not be excessive because development of the pressure head brings important cost consideration and as pressure increases leakages increases too.  Note: In tower buildings, it is often necessary to provide booster pumps to elevate the water to upper floors. o Purity of distributed water should be maintained. This requires distribution system to be completely water-tight. o Maintenance of the distribution system should be easy and economical. o Water should remain available during breakdown periods of pipeline. System of distribution should not such that if one pipe bursts, it puts a large area without water. If a particular pipe length is under repair and has been shut down, the water to the population living in the down-stream side of this pipeline should be available from other pipeline. o During repairs, it should not cause any obstruction to traffic. In other words, the pipelines should not be laid under highways, carriage ways but below foot paths.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS A. Branching pattern with dead end. B. Grid pattern C. Grid pattern with loop. A. Branching Pattern with Dead End
Reservoir Sub-main

Sub-main Branches Main (trunk) line

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Similar to the branching of a tree. It consists of o Main (trunk) line o Sub-mains o Branches Main line is the main source of water supply. There is no water distribution to consumers from trunk line. Sub-mains are connected...