Cloning

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Cloning |
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Todd Hawkins |
[Type the author name] |
3/8/2013 |

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                                      Cloning!!
A clone is an identical copy of a plant or animal, which is produced from the genetic material of a single organism. A Britain scientist created a sheep named Dolly; it was the first successful clone of an adult mammal. Since this incident scientists have successfully cloned other animals, such as goats, mice, pigs, and rabbits. After this people began wondering if human beings would be next and whether or not human cloning should be allowed or not and under what conditions.
People have been cloning plants for thousands of years. Some plants produce offspring without any genetic material from anther organism. In this kind of case cloning simply requires cutting a piece of the stems, roots, or leaves of the plants and then planting the cuttings. After that the cuttings will grow into identical copies of the originals. In the 1950s scientist succeeded in cloning frogs. They took a cell from a tadpole, removed the cell’s nucleus the part containing chromosomes and genes and then they inserted it into a frog egg that had stripped of tis nucleus. Then later the eggs developed into an adult frog with the same genetic material as the tadpole that provided the nucleus.
Scientist then began to experiment with mammals. First they produced clones by taking nuclei from the cells of mice, sheep, and cattle embryos and inserting these nuclei into egg cells. The resulting eggs could be implanted in surrogate mother animals. The surrogates gave birth to their offspring that had the genetic characteristics of only one parent, which was the donor if the nuclei. For scientist to achieve true cloning they need to use a mature cell from an adult organism to produce an exact replica of that organism.   A scientist named Scottish Ian Wilmut and his colleagues announced the birth of a clone of an adult mammal in 1997.   A team had taken a mature cell...