Toulmin Schema

Sackey 1.

Sackey, Selwyn Spencer
Engl 111
Mr. Dika
September, 15 2010

1.                                                     TOULMIN SCHEMA.
Claim-       My parents are Muslims but I am a Christian.

Reason-     I recently converted from Islam to Christianity.

Warrant-     Muslims can become Christians if they are eighteen years old and they want
                  to.

2.                                                         SYLLOGISMS.
    According to the oxford dictionary, a syllogism is an instance of a form of reasoning in
                                                                                                                                                                                                      which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed proportions.

    Origin- late Middle English: via old French or Latin Greek sullogismos, from

syllogizesthai; from sun-with+ logizesthai to reason (from logos reasoning).

    Syllogisms are arguments that take several parts, typically with two statements which

are assumed to be true that lead to a conclusion.

There are three major parts:

  1. Major premise- A general statement

  2. Minor premise- A specific statement

  3. Conclusion- based on the two premises.

There are also three MAJOR types:

  1. Conditional syllogisms- if A is true then B is true.

  2. Categorical syllogisms-   if A is in C then B is in C.

  3. Disjunctive syllogisms-   if A is true then B is false.

Sackey 2.

    Aristotle defines syllogisms as,” a discourse in which certain things having been

supposed, something different from the things supposed results of necessity because

these things are so.”

He limits himself to Categorical syllogisms.

It can be true but not valid and it can be valid but not true.

    • Syllogisms can also be known as logical appeals.

    • A kind of logical argument.

Examples of syllogisms:

  1. Aristotle....