Afghanistan‐Pakistan Relations: History and Geopolitics in a Regional and International Context
Implications for Canadian Foreign Policy Final Report Walter and Duncan Gordon Foundation By Shibil Siddiqi, Global Youth Fellow Tel: 416‐418‐9720 Email: shibil@gmail.com
Table of Contents
Executive Summary.…………………………………………………………………....4 Part I: Afghanistan Pakistan Relations: History and Geopolitics in a Regional And International Context……………………………………………………………...7 A. From Colonialism to Nationalism………………………………………………….8 i. Transition to Post‐Colonial States………………………………………….9 ii. Early Relations……………………………………………………………...10 iii. Entry into the Cold War…………………………………………………...12 iv. The Decade of Daud……………………………………………………….14 v. A Brief Abatement of Tension…………………………………………….16 Mutual Intervention……………………………………………………….17 vi. vii. Reorienting Foreign Policy and Twin Coups……………………………19 B. Communism, Islamism, Intervention and Invasion……......................................21
i. ii. iii. Costs and Consequences…………………………………………………..25 C. Democracy and Civil War, Neo‐Fundamentalism and Terrorism…………….27 i. Enter the Taliban…………………………………………………….……..28 The Cold War Turns Hot………………………………………………….22 Pakistan’s Role in the Resistance…………………………………………24
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Taliban: Support and Isolation……………………………………………31
D: Same Region, Similar Interests: Afghanistan‐Pakistan Relations Today……...32
i. ii. iii. Just what is Pakistan’s Game?.....................................................................38 E. Regional Co‐operation or Towards a New Cold War?.........................................44 Pakistan and Afghanistan after 9/11……………………………….…….33 Heating Insurgency, Cooling Relations………………………………….34
F. Canada’s Role in Afghanistan…and Pakistan?......................................................48 i....
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