Pollution by Transport

AIR POLLUTION FROM GROUND TRANSPORTATION AN ASSESSMENT OF CAUSES, STRATEGIES AND TACTICS, AND PROPOSED ACTIONS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

by Roger Gorham
The Global Initiative on Transport Emissions A Partnership of the United Nations and the World Bank

Division for Sustainable Development Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations 2002

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. References have, wherever possible, been verified. Reference to dollars ($) are to United States dollars, unless otherwise stated.

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AIR POLLUTION FROM GROUND TRANSPORTATION
AN ASSESSMENT OF CAUSES, STRATEGIES AND TACTICS, AND PROPOSED ACTIONS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

CONTENTS
Foreword………………………………………………………………………………….. Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. Chapter EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………… I. II. TRANSPORT AND SUSTAINABILITY........................................................ TRANSPORT AND AIR POLLUTION.......................................................... Introduction ..................................................................................................... A. Motor vehicle emissions and local ambient air quality............................. B. Regional and migratory...