Yoga

VOLUME 123

MARCH 2010

NUMBER 5

© 2010 by The Harvard Law Review Association

ARTICLES
ECONOMIC CRISIS AND THE RISE OF JUDICIAL ELECTIONS AND JUDICIAL REVIEW
Jed Handelsman Shugerman
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1063 I. WEAKNESS AND PANIC .................................................................................................. 1070 A. Weakening the Courts and Shortening Tenure, 1800–1832 ...................................... 1070 B. Panic: Legislative Excess and Financial Disaster .................................................... 1076 II. THE TRIGGER: NEW YORK’S ADOPTION OF JUDICIAL ELECTIONS IN 1846 ..... 1080 A. An Unlikely Alliance: Radicals and Whigs ............................................................... 1080 B. Empowering the Courts............................................................................................... 1088 C. New York as Trigger .................................................................................................... 1092 III. THE WAVE OF JUDICIAL ELECTIONS, 1846–1851 ...................................................... 1093 A. The American Revolutions of 1848 ............................................................................ 1093 B. The Purpose of More Judicial Review and More Judicial Power .......................... 1097 C. Strong Parties, Strong Courts, Strong Constitutions ............................................... 1105 D. Addressing Other Historical Interpretations............................................................. 1107 1. Separating Law and Politics ................................................................................. 1107 2. A Trend Toward Limiting Judges and Empowering Juries? ............................. 1110 3. A Lawyers’ Professional Agenda? ........................................................................ 1111...