This book is dedicated to Prof. Robert M. Steinman, teacher, collaborator, and friend, whose questions and suggestions made this book possible.
Contents
Preface 1
ix
Early Theories of Shape and the First Experiments on Shape 1
1 8
Constancy
1.1 Shape Is Special
1.2 Explaining Visual Constancies with a “Taking into Account” Principle 1.3 Helmholtz’ Influence When the Modern Era Began 1.4 Thouless’ Misleading Experiments 16 14
1.5 Stavrianos’ (1945) Doctoral Dissertation Was the First Experiment to Show That Subjects Need Not Take Slant into Account to Achieve Shape Constancy 22 1.6 Contributions of Gestalt Psychology to Shape Perception (1912–1945) 27
2
The Cognitive Revolution Leads to Neo-Gestaltism and 39
40 46 49 56
Neo-Empiricism
2.2
2.1 Hochberg’s Attempts to Define Simplicity Quantitatively Attneave’s Experiment on 3D Shape
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