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HALLOWEEn

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HALLOWEEn
From Pagan Ritual to Party Night

Nicholas Rogers

OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS

2002

OXFORD

UNIVERSITY PRESS

Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and an associated company in Berlin Copyright © 2002 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rogers, Nicholas, 1944Halloween : from pagan ritual to party night / Nicholas Rogers. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-514691-3 1. Halloween—History. I. Title GT4965 .R634 2002 394.2646-dc21 2002017061

1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

For Daniel, Kate, and Vanessa

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conTEnTS
inTRODUcTion ix
ACKOWLEDGMEnTS 3

I.

SAMHAin

II

and the Celtic Origins of Halloween

2. FESTIVE RITES

22

Halloween in the British Isles

3. CominG OVER 49
Halloween in North America

4. RAZOR in THE APPLE

78

The Struggle for a Safe and Sane Halloween, c. 1920-1990

5. HALLOWEEn GOES TO HOLLYWOOD 103 6. STEPPinG OUT 125 7. BORDER CROSSinGS 139
8. HALLOWEEn AT THE MiLLEnniUM 158 nOTES 173

inDEX 195

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ACKnOWLEDGmEIlTS
The idea for this book grew out of a York University conference that I organized in April 1995 with...