Embedded System

1. INTRODUCTION

1.   Introduction
    Circumstances that we find ourselves in today in the field of microcontrollers had their beginnings in the development of technology of integrated circuits. This development has made it possible to store hundreds of thousands of transistors into one chip. That was a prerequisite for production of microprocessors, and the first computers were made by adding external peripherals such as memory, input-output lines, timers and other. Further increasing of the volume of the package resulted in creation of integrated circuits. These integrated circuits contained both processor and peripherals. That is how the first chip containing a microcomputer, or what would later be known as a microcontroller came about.
An embedded computer is a computer that is a component of a larger system; it helps implement the system functionality. Embedded computers exist in automobiles, airplanes, home appliances, military vehicles & equipments, medical devices, robotic, mobile communication system etc. Sophisticated embedded computers have been used in products and systems for over twenty years.
Embedded computing includes several aspects: methodology, architectures, and applications which is practiced in conducting research. Methodology is important because the prime goal is to be able to reliably, predictably develop new systems. Embedded computers is used to make a wide variety of systems, therefore methodology of designing an embedded system that enable assessment of a system requirements, develop an architecture, and implement the embedded system is very important.
Architecture is used here in a broad sense: both software and hardware. Early decisions can make or break a design. It is important to get the structure of the software and hardware right at the architectural stage in order to avoid expensive problems later in the design process. This generally means jointly considering the effects of architectural decisions on both the hardware...