Bio-Chips

Biochip-Technology
Abstract :Biochips are commonly defined as devices that contain tens of millions of individual sensor elements or biosensors. These sensors are packed together into a package of a micron size. Thus, the biochips are arrays of biological material fixed to a solid surface with a high density of integration. These biochips are often made using the same micro fabrication technology as used in making of conventional microchips. Different biological materials have been studied for optimum performance and design of biochips. Development of biochip-based sensors has been undertaken. In the present research, biological materials alone as well as in combination with piezoresistive semiconductors and piezo-electric ceramics have been analysed and studied for the development of biochips. Biochip-based sensors have also been made by using such materials for various biomedical and scientific applications. Testing of the devices in the hospital is presented.

Introduction :Devices that can contain anywhere from tens to tens of millions of individual sensor elements (or biosensors).The sensors are packed together into a package typically the size of a microscope slide. Because so many sensors can be put into such a small area, a huge number of distinct tests can be done very rapidly. Biochips are often made using the same micro fabrication technology used to make microchips. Unlike microchips, however, biochips are generally not electronic (although they can be). The key premise behind biochips is, that they can do chemistry on a small scale. Each biosensor can be thought of as a "micro reactor“, which does chemistry designed to sense a specific analytic. Biosensors can be made to sense a wide variety of analytes, including DNA, protein, antibodies, and small biological molecules. Fluorescence is often used to indicate a sensing event. Automated microscopy systems can be used to "read" the chip, i.e. determine which sensors are fluorescing. Most biochips are...